Publication | March 1, 2015 by

Application of air-source variable refrigerant flow in cold climates: a white paper

This white paper outlines the optimal control strategies for designing and operating air-source VRF systems in cold climates. Report number: 275-1 More

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Publication | March 1, 2015 by

High performance refrigeration cases

Grocery stores use a significant amount of refrigerated equipment including display cases, walk-in coolers and walk-in freezers. This refrigeration equipment accounts for roughly 60 percent of grocery store electricity consumption. Due to this high electric demand, a typical grocery store’s average energy costs are higher than almost all other building types at $4.00 per square foot (Bendewald, 2013). There are several technologies that can be applied to refrigerated display cases to improve their energy performance. These include: More

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Publication | March 6, 2014 by

SGIG consumer behavior study: Minnesota Power AMI behavioral research pilot (Phase 1)

Minnesota Power is a winter peaking investor-owned electric utility with ~145,000 customers in its ~26,000 square mile service territory that covers central and northeastern Minnesota. The utility's Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) project includes a two-phase consumer behavior study. The first (Phase One) evaluates customer acceptance to various forms and timing of information feedback about electricity consumption, while the second (Phase Two) evaluates customer response to a TOU rate with a CPP overlay. More

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Publication | August 1, 2013 by

SGIG consumer behavior study: Minnesota Power AMI behavioral research pilot (overview)